A FRAMEWORK FOR THE DESIGN, CONDUCT AND INTERPRETATION OF RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIALS IN THE PRESENCE OF TREATMENT CHANGES

A framework for the design, conduct and interpretation of randomised controlled trials in the presence of treatment changes

Abstract Background When a randomised trial is subject to deviations from randomised treatment, analysis according to intention-to-treat does not estimate two important quantities: relative treatment efficacy and effectiveness in a setting different from that in the trial.Even in trials of a predominantly pragmatic nature, there may be numerous rea

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Aetiological agents of adult community-acquired pneumonia in Japan: systematic review and meta-analysis of published data

Objective Epidemiological information is essential in providing appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy for pneumonia.This study aimed to Collections clarify the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) by conducting a systematic review of published studies in Japan.Design Systematic review.Data source PubMed and Ichushi web database (J

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Sagittal Deformity Correction in a Patient Suffering From Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis Who Previously Underwent a Total Hip and Bilateral Knee Replacement

Introduction: Physiological aging frequently leads to degenerative changes Collections and spinal deformity.In patients with hypolordotic fusions or ankylosing illnesses such as diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis or ankylosing spondylitis, compensation mechanisms can be altered causing severe pain and disability.In addition, if a total hip re

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